Textbooks:
- Mas-Colell, Whinston, and Green (1995). Microeconomic Theory. Chapter 5
- Geoffrey Reny. Advanced Microeconomic Theory, 3rd edition. Chapter 3
Kreps (1990). A Course in Microeconomic Theory. Chapter 7
Varian (1992). Microeconomic Analysis, 3rd edition. Chapter 5
Lecture notes: I think undergraduate notes are more useful on this respect. For instance:
- Chapter 6 to Chapter 8 here.
- Set 6 and 7 here (go to downloads to get slides).
In my experience, graduate notes deal with deeper issues. For instance this, this, or this one dig much deeper, skipping SR/LR cost functions altogether.
In any case, here Google is your friend. The trick (imo) is to add "pdf" to the search, to get lecture slides. For example:
http://google.com/#q=microeconomics+cost+function+short+run+long+run+pdf