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Question: Suppose three identical, risk-neutral firms must decide simultaneously and irreversibly whether to enter a new market which can accommodate only two of them. If all three firms enter, all get payoff 0; otherwise, entrants get 9 and firms that stay out get 8.

My attempt: Arbitrarily choosing firm A, firm A is deciding whether to enter the market or not. Hence, the Nash equilibrium occurs when $\text{payoff of not entering = entering}$. Let $p$ be the probability of each firm entering the market. Then $$\text{not entering = P(only firm who enters) + P(second firm to enter) + P(third firm to enter)}\\ 8=9(p)(1-p)^2+9(p^2)(1-p)+0(p^3)\\ 8=9(p-p^2) $$

and I get a complex number as the answer. The correct equation should be $8=9(1-p^2)$, but I'm not sure how to get that.

Any help is greatly appreciated!

Edit: Solved it an hour later. I was being silly. I'm leaving my partial answer below for anyone who is curious.

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I solved it, haha. Turns out I was being silly. I had completely neglected the fact that this was a 3-player game, and $\text{not entering}$ still had probability values attached to it. Let $A$, $B$, and $C$ be the three firms. So the game looks like this: $$ \text{P(A enter;B,C enter)+P(A enter;only B enter)+P(A enter;only C enter)+}\\ \text{P(A enter;neither enters) = P(A dne;B,C enter)+P(A dne;only B enter)+}\\ \text{P(A dne;only C enter)+P(A dne;neither enters)} $$ It's a giant mess of $p$'s and $(1-p)$'s, but at the end of the day, the final version $8=9(1-p^2)$ is derived.

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  • $\begingroup$ if you solved the issue you can accept your answer to indicate that this problem is solved $\endgroup$
    – 1muflon1
    Dec 10, 2020 at 23:14

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