# Probability of the event knowing that I received no informations

First I want to thank you if you pay attention to my post. I apologize if it seems elementary to you, note that I searched a lot an answer before posting.

I have a particular informational framework where there are 3 events denoted A, B, C.

A= This guy is cool.

$$\overline{A}$$= This guy is not cool

B= Someone is here

$$\overline{B}$$= No one is here

C= He tells me if he is cool

$$\overline{C}$$= He does not tell me if he is cool

P(A), P(B) and P(C) are the probabilities associated with these events.

I assume that if the person who can advise me is not here, she cannot tell me something.

What is the probability that this guy is cool given the fact that no one is telling me something?

I propose the following formula:

$$P(A|\emptyset)=\frac{p(A\cap B \cap \overline{C})+p(A\cap\overline{B})}{P(\emptyset)}$$

Where $$P(\emptyset)=P(A\cap B \cap \overline{C})+P(\overline{A}\cap B \cap \overline{C})+p(\overline{B})$$.

Knowing the Bayes rule the previous equation bothers me because it contains a kind of union between events on the numerator. Maybe this is because there is a kind of redundancy between event B and C. My question is, is it the correct formula to compute the conditional probability in this framework?

Thank you

• I'm voting to close this question as off-topic because I fail to see the relevance to economics. Apr 20 '19 at 9:00
• Bayesian Perception ? Apr 20 '19 at 15:05
• Who is "he" in events $C$ and $\overline C$? Is "he" the "guy" in events $A$ and $\overline A$ or the person who can tell you about the coolness of the "guy" in events $A$ and $\overline A$? Apr 20 '19 at 21:08
• the person who can tell me about the coolness of the guy Apr 20 '19 at 22:25

The right denominator should be $$P(\bar C)$$, and the right numerator should be $$P(A\cap \bar C)$$ since $$\bar C$$ is the event of no receiving information, either because the guy is not there or the guy is there but gives no information. The denominator should not depend on the true state of his "coolness".
An easy way to picture this problem is by doing a diagram. Think of a square and divide it in half, say vertically where the mass (or probability) in the left side represents $$P(A)$$ and complementary probability in the right. Then divide the square in another half, say horizontally, so that the mass in the top half represents $$P(B)$$. each of the resulting smaller squares contains the mass of each of the possible intersections between these two events. Finally, you can divide the top half (created in the second step) in half (say horizontally again) where that top part represents $$P(C)$$, and the bottom part (from this last line up to the bottom of the square) represents $$P(\bar C)$$. Clearly, $$C$$ does not intersect with $$\bar B$$ and $$\bar C$$ contains $$\bar B$$, as desired. And you can clearly visualize the probability you are trying to calculate.
• Please look at my last edit, I think that the right response is $P(A|\emptyset)=P(A|\bar C)=\frac{P(A\cap \bar C)}{P(\bar C)}$ way simpler. I think both you and I were implicitly assuming that $\bar C$ is the event of there being someone here but not being told if the guy is cool, but as stated by your question, $\bar C$ is the event of not receiving information. Apr 22 '19 at 6:18
• I don't think you have actually followed my logic for deriving the formula, using a graphical tool. I know the explanation is 8 lines long, but it made it super clear to me, why $P(A|\bar C)$ is exactly what you are looking for. I still think that you are assuming that $\bar C$ is the event of the adviser being present, but not telling you anything, while the problem says that $\bar C$ is simply the event that the adviser did not say anything, in particular, for example if he is not present. Apr 22 '19 at 6:28