I am looking for a name and historical data for a concept. I think it is easiest to explain by example. Consider stock in XYZ Inc worth \$10 per share and there are 10 shares, so the market cap is \$100. I really want to buy a share, but the current owners are happy with it so I have to pay \$11. So I have added a new dollar to the stock ecosystem, but now the market cap is \$110. That means there are \$9 of new value that have appeared out of thin air.
Is there a name for my $1 that I added and the \$9 of new created value? Is there a name for the ratio of the two?
I am curious about these values because I suspect the ratio has been abnormally high for the stock market at large since the Great Recession. In other words, the value of the total stock market has outpaced the amount of new money invested in the stock market.
Is this suspicion accurate? Does anyone track this data?