Questions tagged [banking]
Use for questions about banks, their operations, and their role in the broader economic and financial system.
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Calculating Effective Maturity with Negative Cash Flows
The formula for effective maturity.
Suppose that an installment plan also shows additional borrowings of a debtor. That is, at some point in time (other than the inception date) the borrower is given ...
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can the amount of cash reserve ratio reserve bank of india gives back to banks or not
one instrument we have learnt like Cash reserve ratio .
supoose crr is 4% and one person deposit 100 rupee in bank.
now the crr is 4 it means out of 100 rupees 4 will go to rbi .my question is . can ...
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Do some investment banks make a spread by borrowing from the Fed at low rates and earning from higher Treasury and agency bond yields?
In his 60 Minutes interview for promoting his book, The Big Short, Michael Lewis says this:
if you look at their businesses right now they're heavily government dependent that if you were uh goldman ...
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Funding the American Economy During the Gilded Age
Does anyone know how John Pierpont Morgan Sr. funded the American economy during the Gilded Age? I'd like to learn about his methods and the significant role he played in shaping the economy through ...
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What will happen to the selling prices of homes if commercial banks are mainly financed via bonds?
Someday people who have no need for loans might never have a need for a bank. For example, I might pre-pay for smartphone wireless data or pre-pay for coffee. If I owe you 5 USD perhaps someday I ...
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What does a Denovo bank balance sheet look like on Day 1?
New banks require capital of $32M before starting operations. On Day 1, what does it's balance sheet look like? Before the bank makes a loan, it needs reserves to settle the transaction. Are those ...
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How does the Fed supervise and regulate foreign branches of its member banks?
https://youtu.be/dka4fHQI4ZQ?t=46
According to the video, they say the Fed regulates and supervises foreign branches of its member banks, and I wanna know how the Fed does that. Does the Fed send ...
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Why would the fed impose larger cash requirements on banks if they’re already struggling to compete?
I was reading about the fed’s new regulatory efforts to further increase bank’s cash holding requirements. However, they’re doing this at the same time banks are facing more competition and draining ...
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Why are subscriptions to the World Bank's IBRD measured in 1944 US dollars? How is this calculated?
Several official documents published by the World Bank's 'International Bank For Reconstruction and Development' (IBRD), such as https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/795101541106471736/...
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How can banks increase their central bank reserves?
Is it possible for a commercial bank to independently increase their central banks reserves? If yes, how would they do it?
To be clear, when I say independently, I mean a bank would like to increase ...
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Loss absorption via Common Stock
As a primer, I want to lay out my limited understanding of the topic:
Common stock:
is part of CET1 Capital of a bank
used to absorp losses earlier than e.g. preferred stock and other types
held by ...
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How do bad loans make a bank insolvent?
If the bank was taking deposits and actually lending these deposits out for loans I can see how loan defaults could send them bankrupt.
However banks don't use deposits to create loans, loans are ...
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What process does a new bank go through to get its first central bank reserves?
Im trying to better understand how banks work and one of the first thing that confuses me is central bank reserves.
Current understanding of central bank reserves:
Central bank reserves never enter ...
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Why have bank deposits gone down with rising interest rates?
From an opinion piece in the Washington Post:
"Since the Federal Reserve began to raise rates about a year ago, deposits leaving the banking sector have totaled nearly $1 trillion".
Why ...
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What happens to the money supply when a bank is allowed to go bust
I'd like to ask this question in two different ways just to help clarify the issues.
Scenario 1. There is no deposit insurance and the central bank take no special action in response to the bank ...
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Optimal utilities under Diamond & Dybvig model (1983)
In Diamond and Dybvig's model on deposit contracts and bank runs (1983), the authors derive the optimal utility $\bar{u}$ under no liquidity insurance as:
$$\bar{u}=tu(1)+(1-t)\rho u(R)$$
where $u:\...
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How does commercial banks handle transfer of deposit?
In fractional reserve banking, the bank is obliged to have a minimum ratio of liquidity it have (to pay for customers' deposits) and the total money its customers have in their bank accounts.
But what ...
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Are bailouts destabilizing the global economy?
I saw this posited in this WSJ opinion piece here
Notes on the Fed
In 1998, engineering a \$3.6 billion rescue of the giant hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management.
In 2001, slashing interest rates ...
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Federal Funds Rate & Reserves Market Contradiction
Edit: I do understand this isn't how things work anymore, since we are in a "Ample-Reserves Framework" and the quantity of reserves no longer makes a difference that much and it is primarily ...
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Reserve ratio from H.8 report
Reserve ratio definition
Macroeconomic textbooks define reserve ratio as reserves / deposits.
So for example, the following bank:
has a reserve ratio of ...
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Do banks pay interest on the money they create?
A bank takes in \$10 in deposits and makes \$100 in loans, creating \$90 of new money. They pay the depositor interest on the \$10 and earn interest on the $100 loan.
It looks to me like they don't ...
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How would a Central Bank Digital Currency be different from a private bank deposit?
Both are digital, both can be transferred digital, and both are denominated in the same currency. A CBDC is "a direct liability of the central bank, rather than of private banks or coin issuers&...
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Bank runs, deposit guarantees, and moral hazard
I understand the concept of moral hazard. If a government guaranteed all bank deposits 100%, bank customers would simply go to the bank with the highest interest rates and rely on the guarantee that ...
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Money Creation Confusion
I've been studying money creation recently and have come across some contradictory statements and different types of theories that I'd like to clear up.
The classical theory of money creation which ...
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Paid-off reversal in MERS eRegistry
I'm a technical writer working on eOriginal for Wolters Kluwer. In a section of the user guide I'm working on details of search variables for eRegistry status events, one of which is "paid-of ...
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Taking a loan to pay another loan with the same interest
I had a discussion with family members about how taking a loan to pay another loan with the same interest is basically wasting money and they didn't agree.
To make things clearer, say loan 1 is 100 ...
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In the Diamond-Dybvig model, why does the long-term investment not offer a liquidity risk premium?
In the basic version of this model (see link below), both the short-term asset (deposit) and the long-term investment (“technology”) are considered to be risk-free (that is, there is only one possible ...
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Commercial bank holdings of shares and bonds since 2005
I would like to know how the amount of shares and bonds held by private banks has changed over the past 15 years or so. I dare say the data is available on FRED (or similar) but I don't know exactly ...
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What have banks mostly done with their "excess reserves" obtained during QE
I put excess reserves in quotes because I know that in many countries there are no reserve requirements, so what I really mean by "excess reserves" is reserves in excess of what banks like ...
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CDOs, Synthetic CDOs and 2008 financial crisis
I have recently been researching about the 2008 financial crisis and after hours of reading, I have been left with some gaps in my understanding of the events that lef to the collapse of the market in ...
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What is a Bank-Run Equilibrium (Diamond-Dybvig Model)?
I have an assignment on Bank-Run Equilibrium, studying the Diamond-Dybvig Model. The question goes as:
Suppose the mass of depositors is equal to 10, θ = 1/2, and r = 1. Suppose that y1 = 1.2 which ...
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Who insures the FDIC in case it fails?
I understand that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) failing is unlikely, but the probability of such a failure is still positive. In case the FDIC fails, who covers the customers' ...
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Why are full reserve banks called such, when they still have depositors?
Why do full reserve banks put all their depositors' money in reserve while depositors still have the right to deposit?
Why is it called full reserve banking when people can deposit their money there?
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Reserve ratio and risk
If the reserve ratio is 0 (e.g. in Hong Kong), why isn't lending riskless for banks?
They effectively generate assets without creating a liability (even if the reserve ratio is > 0, they can lend ...
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Why are banks providing mortgages?
Currently I'm learning about finance and I want to understand the following. In the Netherlands the interest on a mortgage is about 3%-4% depending on the payback period. When learning about stocks ...
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How central banks can lend money and always expect more money
for making this question clear let's create a simplified world when there are only 3 private banks (bank A, bank B, bank C) in the world, and 1 central bank. let's also assume that all the citizen in ...
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What incentives do private banks have not to lend money
It is generally accepted that banks can create money by lending. If sb. wants to take a loan the bank simply extend the balance sheet by creating that loan. The bank has to adhere to reserve and ...
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Mechanisms to discover unbacked creation of foreign currency
Suppose there's a country called Crook Islands.
The president is John Crook, one of his sons owns a bank called Crook Island Bank domicilated on Crook Islands, and the other son is the Minister of ...
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How do banks trust each other especially in cross-border situations?
Maybe my question is far too trivial for this community. But let's see. I don't have an economic background.
I wonder how banks trust each other when money gets transferred from one bank to another ...
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loan to deposit ratio
I'm straggling to understand why loan to deposit ratio could be greater than 1. According credit creation theory every creation of new loan is matched by creation of deposit, so assuming some ...
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should I weigh an average net margin calculation of Eurozone banks per number of banks or per asset size to validate parallel trends?
I'm trying to perform a DiD regression analysis in order to evaluate whether bank profitability has decreased with the implementation of a negative interest rate policy (NIRP). The regression is ...
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Why can't banks print infinite money by running up huge debts at the secondary discount window rate?
Banks in financial trouble can borrow from the Fed at 1% interest. Would anything stop a bank from borrowing $1M every year plus the interest on all prior debt? Since their ability to make interest ...
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optimal lending levels
Many ratios are mentioned to allude to what caps the amount of money a bank could lend. But none is really convincing. Usually debt ratio and solvability (Basel) ratio are mentioned. Elsewhere there ...
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BA in econometrics with mathematics vs BA in econometrics with computer science [closed]
Uni applications start quite soon and I have a hard time deciding which degree should I choose.
I’m more interested in mathematics than in CS. However, it isn’t my greatest strength.
I was thinking ...
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What would happen in global bank run
Bank runs are self-amplifying. What would realistically happen if the entire earth would experience a simultaneous bank run?
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When a country is banned from using SWIFT, what alternative ways do banks within that country still have to transfer or receive money from abroad?
If Russia invades Ukraine one of the sanctions that the west might impose is banning the banks in Russia from the SWIFT network. I've watched a short video from a financial news channel that explains ...
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How leveraged are banks in the United States?
My understanding of fractional-reserve lending is that it allows for banks to only keep a small fraction of raw currency in reserve, and lend out the rest. When this lent out money is put into banks, ...
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Are major banks in US necessarily going to benefit from the rise of federal fund rates?
https://wtvbam.com/2022/01/05/fed-funds-futures-see-rate-hike-in-march-after-minutes-of-policy-meeting/
It is believed that Fed is very likely to raise the Federal Fund rates in the next a couple of ...
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Banking system in countries without their own currency
I am interested in the working of the banking system in countries that don't have their own currency, e.g., Ecuador or Panamá. Can you point me to studies or articles about it?
For example, do banks ...
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Are there examples of state banks in history?
Today most banking is private. Has there been any period in history where banking was (in part) state-owned and why was it privatized?
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