Questions tagged [firm]

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2 votes
1 answer
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How do the assumptions $p'+q_ip''<0$ and $p'-c''<0$ ensure the stability of the Nash equilibrium among private firms in basic mixed oligopoly model?

I have two quick question regarding basic oligopoly models: What is meant by we impose the assumptions to $p'+q_ip''<0$ and $p'-c''<0$ to ensure the stability of the Nash equilibrium among ...
Froter's user avatar
  • 21
0 votes
0 answers
20 views

company value, shares, NPV

Let's say we want to evaluate the value of a company. One way is to calculate the present value of the cash flows. I do not specify the cash flows and the discounting rates $r_i$ here. Then the ...
callculus42's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
25 views

Factor changes in Melitz (2003) model

What would be the effect of changes in factor supplies, for example labor, on the open economy equilibrium?
Papayapap's user avatar
  • 1,781
0 votes
1 answer
23 views

Stock Exchange role in expansion of firms

How can a Stock Exchange be proven important in developing/developed economies regarding the expansion of firms? Are there some constraints of the Stock Exchange in the development of firms?
user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
216 views

How to find cost function from leontief production

I saw the same type of questions are asked for that but I am new at this subject so I couldn't grasp it totally. so basically for that production function: $$ f(x_1,x_2) = min \{ 2x_1 +x_2 , x_1 +2x_2 ...
Tatanik501's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
114 views

What's the difference between economies of scale and increasing returns to scale?

Can anyone tell me the difference between economies of scale and increasing returns to scale. It seems to me that observationally they would be equivalent.
user37250's user avatar
  • 321
1 vote
2 answers
65 views

Companies mutually owning each other

There is no logical flaw in having two companies A and B mutually owning each other. Company A may hold X% of the shares of company B, and company B may hold Y% of the shares of company A. I assume ...
Hans-Peter Stricker's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
45 views

Companies database with strange negative values, are they reasonable from an economic point of view?

I have a dataset of US firms (around 6500 in total) containing time series of: Sales (191 negative observations corresponding to 0.0351% of total observations) Liabilities (70 negative observations ...
Barbab's user avatar
  • 111
3 votes
0 answers
51 views

Structural Estimation, Simulations, and Initial Values

I want to estimate model parameters and fear about the impact of initial values of simulations. Short model overview Consider a firm producing a homogeneous output good whose output price, $P_t$, is $...
Alex's user avatar
  • 313
1 vote
1 answer
37 views

Proximity-concentration hypothesis: homogeneous firms and symmetric countries

Hi everyone I am running into a stone wall and don't seem to be able to solve this, can someone show me the steps how I can insert 1 into 2 and get 3. $B=\frac{f_E+f_D}{φ^{(σ−1)}*(1+τ^{(1-σ)})}$ $π =...
James's user avatar
  • 13
3 votes
0 answers
220 views

Arellano and Bond (1991) GMM estimation in R by using plm package

I am a last-year student at university, currently working on my Bachelor's (so still learning R), and I really hope that you would suggest a potential solution (even if to use Python). So, the main ...
Wadim iLchuk's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
28 views

Educating workers (micro model)

Would someone be able to check my solutions to this basic problem? This is a practice test with no solutions provided, and I have no idea if I am going in the right direction. Problem: https://ibb.co/...
user31810's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
146 views

Unbalanced panel data in prodest package in R

I have a question regarding the usage of unbalanced panel data for TFP estimation by using the prodest package. The dataset could be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/...
Wadim iLchuk's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
383 views

Arellano and Bond (1991) or Blundell and Bond (1998) in R estimation

I have the following problem with the Arellano and Bond (1991) or Blundell and Bond (1998) estimators in R using the plm package. I receive the following problem when trying to run the needed ...
Wadim iLchuk's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
4k views

Is it true that if marginal cost is constant, then average variable cost is also constant and equals marginal cost?

I'm inclined to think yes because marginal cost only depends on variable cost (fixed costs don't matter), but I'm not 100% certain. Basically, my thought process is that marginal cost of producing one ...
Will 's user avatar
  • 207
1 vote
2 answers
266 views

Where does investment originate from in the circular flow model?

The above image is from my macroeconomics textbook. I’m struggling to understand the “financial markets” corner. If financial markets refers to banking and perhaps the stock market, is it true that ...
General Nuisance's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
38 views

Measurement for the downstream use of a commodity

I am looking to find a measurement that would tell me the size of the market of the downstream use of some particular commodity. For example, salt or wheat would be used by many companies downstream. ...
MGInt's user avatar
  • 13
2 votes
0 answers
27 views

Reason for SMEs in the European Union employing the bulk of people?

Is there any specific reason why SMEs in the European Union employ the vast majority of people in general as well as in certain industries? Are they exempt from certain regulatory burdens such as ...
Jacques Jonker's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
135 views

Measuring productivity with the Törnqvist index

I have a sample of companies, of which I want to calculate the productivity of each individual firm relative to a hypothetical firm in the industry. Choosing the measurement method was not easy, but ...
BRCO's user avatar
  • 11
1 vote
0 answers
27 views

What does the elasticity say about the fraction of total cost used on input 1?

A firm have the following production function $$ y=x_{1}^{\alpha} x_{2}^{1-\alpha}, \quad 0< \alpha < 1 $$ $w_1>0$ is the cost of input 1 and $w_2 > 0$ is the cost of input 2. (1.1) ...
Xenusi's user avatar
  • 155
0 votes
1 answer
30 views

Question regarding couple economic terms and concepts

I am trying to read some economic articles for future use. However, as a statistics major student, I am quite unfamiliar with couple of economic vocabs and concepts. Followings are the very vocabs. -...
die4answers's user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
77 views

Perfect Substitution with a Continuum of goods?

Imagine I have a continuum of different goods indexed by $\omega \in [0,1]$. I have a household which consumes a quantity $C(\omega)$ of good $\omega$, and pays a price $P(\omega)$. The household has ...
Asterix's user avatar
  • 203
0 votes
1 answer
24 views

Measure of New Firms Born in Each Period

In an economy with stochastic overlapping generations of firms, how do we easily understand the measure of new firms born? The set-up states: "In each period, measure $\rho\in(0,1)$ of new firms are ...
Frank Swanton's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
5k views

Stackelberg with 3 firms

I'm currently trying to solve the following problem: Stackelberg with 3 firms Imagine there are three firms on a monopolistically competitive market. The marginal cost of produc- tion in each ...
Fozoro's user avatar
  • 303
3 votes
1 answer
64 views

Why do some perfectly competitive, loss-making firms shutdown and others don't?

Question: Why do perfectly competitive, loss-making firms that have (AC>AVC>AR) shutdown but Firms that have (AC>AR>AVC) not shutdown? -Both of these types of firms are making a loss. How is it ...
Tom's user avatar
  • 131
-2 votes
1 answer
178 views

Changing Constant Factor Demands

I’ve been given this true false question: Consider the minimization of wL + rK given F(K, L) $\geq$ Q with F(K, L) strictly increasing in K and L. The conditional factor demands K*(Q, w, r) and L*(Q, ...
taurus's user avatar
  • 101
0 votes
0 answers
361 views

Profit Maximization and Returns to Scale

Assume a labor-intensive production function: $Q(L)=L^\beta$ Find demand of labor that maximizes profits (unconditional demand $L(p,w,r)$), the demand of labor that minimizes costs (unconditional ...
F. Sánchez's user avatar
2 votes
2 answers
844 views

Best Response Functions for Cournot

For a Cournot Duopoly game with Linear Demand functions, we need to find the optimal quantity of each firm such that profit is maximised. Given the linearity of the Demand curves, we will obtain a ...
S.Rana's user avatar
  • 401
3 votes
2 answers
462 views

Do the three ways of measuring producer’s surplus give the same result?

In the Firm supply chapter of the microeconomics Varian's book, they show "three equivalent ways to measure producer’s surplus" using marginal cost, average cost and the average variable cost curves. ...
gagarine's user avatar
  • 269
1 vote
0 answers
21 views

To the following data, what kind of econometric analysis can be conducted/ or what type of relationship can be established? [closed]

I have data for sale in petroleum products across different states in India of both public sector and private sector companies for past 10 years. No. of years - 2008 to 2018 monthly data for 10 years ...
Ramya Emandi's user avatar
7 votes
5 answers
297 views

Why do firms losing money almost always reduce labor costs via layoffs instead of pay cuts?

At least in the United States, firms seem to almost always reduce labor costs via layoffs rather than pay cuts. Pay cuts are so rare that they're literally headline news. From an economic standpoint, ...
tparker's user avatar
  • 760
2 votes
2 answers
377 views

Using metrics provided by FRED to identify the business cycle

I am interested to see how the "business cycle" is associated with our firms sales. The hope is that if we can show that our sales line up with the business cycle then we can make decisions ...
Alex's user avatar
  • 73
3 votes
1 answer
45 views

I'm studying the effect of a law on a sector: how do I select the control group?

I'm planning on using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to estimate the impact of a sector-specific law on the firms in that sector. I need to create a control group and I have read somewhere in ...
Fabio I.'s user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
183 views

Graduate level texts/notes that cover the Short Run and Long Run Costs of firms' production

In undergrad econ we learned that it would cost a firm more money to increase its production in short term than in long term. MWG does not seem to cover this topic. I need a Graduate level texts/...
High GPA's user avatar
  • 1,796
1 vote
1 answer
5k views

Why is ATC tangent to Demand in a Monopolistic or Mopolistically Competitive Firm Making Zero Profit?

I understand that the Average Total Cost is equivalent to demand in a zero profiting monopoly or monopolistically competitive firm in order for there to be zero profits (when ATC = P at a given ...
Andrew Lu's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
2k views

Optimal production level for a typical firm in long-run

Assuming all firms have identical cost functions. Now suppose there is an increasing shift in the demand curve. As we all know that for increasing costs case, both average costs (AC) and marginal ...
Yoda's user avatar
  • 93
1 vote
1 answer
31 views

How are assets distributed by types of organisations? [closed]

How wealth, assets or capital (measured in terms of revenues, assets, equity, etc.) is distributed among the various types of organizations (e.g. State, public companies, private conpanies, ...
decision maker's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
21 views

Microeconomics and management science of professional open source companies?

Are there research (and stories more broadly) about professional open source companies? To what types of products their are appropriate, what licensing schemes to choose? How to managed patents and IP?...
TomR's user avatar
  • 425
2 votes
0 answers
39 views

How to model cooperatives

My understanding is that standard models in economics assume the firm is a capitalistic firm, in the sense that it pay workers a wage but no profits. (is that right?) I am interested in modeling ...
luchonacho's user avatar
  • 8,552
2 votes
2 answers
7k views

Is the marginal cost the same for every firm in a perfectly competitive market?

Spin-off from: market equilibrium quantity $\ne$ firm profit maximising quantity? Consider a perfectly competitive market with equilibrium price $P_{eq}$ and quantity $Q_{eq}$ and firm with profit ...
BCLC's user avatar
  • 360
1 vote
1 answer
829 views

market equilibrium quantity $\ne$ firm profit maximising quantity?

Consider a perfectly competitive market with equilibrium price $P_{eq}$ and quantity $Q_{eq}$ and firm with profit maximising quantity $Q_f$ as illustrated below: I guess any firm in the market would ...
BCLC's user avatar
  • 360
1 vote
1 answer
41 views

What is the difference between knowledge-based and R&D?

So far, I always thought that knowledge-based companies and R&D companies were the same. But recently our TA mentioned that they are different, I've searched a lot to find the differences between ...
C.B's user avatar
  • 113
1 vote
1 answer
808 views

University course references for Market Structure/Industrial Organization

Are there any books that are used in University-level courses that contain a detailed analysis of market structure ( Perfect competition , Monopoly and so on)?
Atharva's user avatar
  • 11
-1 votes
1 answer
588 views

How to determine the marginal product for the following question? [closed]

Suppose that a firm has a Fixed cost of 10,000 dollars and Total Cost of 10,500 dollars for one unit and 11,100 dollars for two units of output. Which of the following is true for the Marginal Cost (...
CoolKid's user avatar
  • 145
1 vote
1 answer
103 views

Causes of interlocking directorship connections between firms

I need to interpret some empirical results telling me that firms (intended as profit-maximising entities) prefer to be controlled (e.g. through interlocking directorships) by smaller and less ...
user3285148's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
100 views

Academic paper which justifies why companies are run better privately

A few years ago I was reading The Economist and I remember it stated a particular academic paper that underpinned the rationale for the existence of private equity firms. I have tried to find this ...
Trajan's user avatar
  • 659
1 vote
1 answer
2k views

Duality of cost minimization and profit maximization

The firm tries to maximize profits $\Pi$ \begin{align} \max_{K,L}\{\Pi(K,L) = F(K,L) - RK - wL\} \end{align} where $F$ is the linear homogeneous production function, $R$ the rental rate of capital $K$...
clueless's user avatar
  • 1,559
4 votes
3 answers
2k views

Examples of how economists come up with a production function for a firm?

I am a young man studying economics on his own. In every microeconomics text I find, they teach you what a production function is, but they never show examples (or practice problems) on how one comes ...
Copyright's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
15 views

Ranking Sectors Based on "Inclusiveness", greater variance among sectors with less firms

I am trying to rank sectors in Serbia based on how "inclusive" they are in their development, i.e. I have some indicators such as "share of profitable firms within sector", "share of exporting firms ...
Rajko Radovanovic's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
82 views

Literature / Evidence on Cash Hoarding of Firms

I have received anecdotal evidence (heard stories) about many firms hoarding cash (liquid assets) post 2008 and not spending it despite availability of many projects with positive NPV. However, when I ...
FooBar's user avatar
  • 10.7k