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Questions tagged [instrumental-variable]

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Entropy Balancing or Propensity Score matching in an Experiment (that needed Intention to Treatment instrumental variable IV approach)

I did an experiment with random assignment to two treatment groups and one control group. I had problems to encourage participation in one treatment (treatment 1), so at the end, I had to randomly ...
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19 views

Which one is IV estimator formula? (indirect least squares)

It's from the book mostly harmless econometrics. In page 120, we have 2 equations: $$s_i = X_i' \pi_{10} + \pi_{11} z_i + \epsilon_{1i} $$ $$Y_i = X_i' \pi_{20} + \pi_{21} z_i + \epsilon_{2i} $$ The ...
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1answer
318 views

Why are my 2SLS estimates much larger than my OLS estimates?

When performing IV regression, it is often taken as a sign of unbiasedness if the IV estimates are similar to the OLS estimates of the same model. My question is: If the estimates are very different,...
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29 views

Weak Instrument - Stock and Yogo

I have the following structural equations where $G,Z$ are endogenous and $X,Y$ are exogenous $$ G_d=B_0+B_1Z+B_2X+u_1\\ G_s=a_0 +a_1Z+a_2Y+u_2 \\ G_d=G_s $$ Now, I would like to perform 2SLS, thus, ...
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102 views

Some confusions about instrumental variable (econometrics)

As the title says, I have some confusions about instrumental variable. According to my lecture note (which is supposed to be reliable), instrumental variable has two big properties: Validity: an ...
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18 views

Over What Ranges Can Elasticity Estimates Be Applied

I am reading the following paper: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1756-2171.12113 The paper attempts to estimate the elasticity of pharmaceutical innovation (measured by # of new ...
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15 views

Testing for endogeneity when the model does not have any known exogenous variables?

so I was wondering how can one test for endogeneity in a model if the model does not have any known exogenous variables, there are no instruments available for the suspected endogenous variables? I ...
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1answer
25 views

Is it reasonable, in panel data, to use past values of explanatory variables as instruments to deal with simultaneous causality?

I am trying to examine the determinants of economic growth, essentially regressing a number of variables upon economic growth. I face a problem that there is likely simultaneous causality between many ...
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1answer
39 views

Testing for weak instrument

I have 3 endogenous variables in my model and I have identified 3 (or max 4) instruments. I wanted to know appropriate test for identifying whether the instruments are weak or not given that I have ...
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31 views

instrumental variables

I have a question related to IV methods. Suppose I have a regression $Y = a + b_1 X_1 + b_2 X_2 + \epsilon$, where $Y$ is a dependent variable and $X_1$ is an endogenous independent variable and $...
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1answer
53 views

Imbens and Angrist (1994): the $D_i(z)$ variables

I'm referring to the Econometrica (1994) paper by Imbens and Angrist. In particular, I don't really understand the random variables $D_i(z)$ (defined on page 468). Could you please provide me with ...
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1answer
48 views

Validity condition for Instrumental Variables

My professor states the validity condition in the following way: $W$ (the matrix of instrumental variables) must be such that $ \text{plim} \, \frac{W'u}{N}=0$, where $u$ is the error term. ...
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1answer
714 views

Confounding versus endogenous variables. What is their relative hierarchical position?

There are valuable resources on the lexicon of types of variables quickly accessible, such as here. However, some of these concepts appear side-by-side often enough to make them confusing. For ...
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155 views

Instrumental Variable Paper for Minimum Wage

I am trying to write a paper dealing with minimum wages and employment. I understand there is simultaneity bias between these two variables so I must come up with an instrument. Does anyone have any ...
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35 views

Using an instrument in IV that is not strictly exogenous to the variable it is instrumenting?

I am considering instrumenting HIV with ODA, to evaluate the impact of HIV on gold mining. There is a clear relationship between HIV and ODA, however it may easily be argued this is an endogenous ...
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1answer
67 views

Difference between $x$ and $X$

Sorry for my bad english, i'll try to explain my difficulty. 1Ā° Question In the last exam an exercise asked to derivate OLS estimators and calculate their value with the data provided (ex.: $\sum ...
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2answers
424 views

Testing for Endogeneity

I apologize if this question is very basic. I have the following plain vanilla Instrumental Variable model. $Y=\alpha+X\beta+\varepsilon$ $X=\delta+Z\gamma+\eta$ $\varepsilon\perp\eta,\quad Z\perp\...
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1answer
1k views

Can you use more than one instrumental variables in an Econometric model?

Can you use two instrumental variables $z_1$ and $z_2$ at the same time for $x_1$ and $x_2$, in the following regression model $y=a+bx_1+cx_2+dX_{other}+e$, where $y$ is the explained variable, $...
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1answer
90 views

Testing if one regressor is a proxy for another

I'm reading Guiso, Sapienza and Zingales: "Trusting the Stock Market" The Journal of Finance, Vol. 63, No. 6, 2008 and have a question about how they test whether trust is a proxy for risk aversion. ...
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360 views

How to test if variables are jointly determined?

If I wanted to test, for example, if consumption growth and credit growth are jointly determined, and therefore justifying the use of instrumental variables, how would I go about this? Would running a ...
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3answers
14k views

What is the difference between two stage least squares and instrumental variable regression?

I'm doing independent study and I am having trouble understanding the difference between these two estimators. I get that 2SLS is predicting the endogenous variable, and that instrumental variables ...
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1answer
399 views

IVļ¼šQuasi-random variance V.S. 'Placebo' check

I read some papers about transportation infrastructure. I am confuse with the following two case. Some routes are unlikely to have been randomly assigned across cities over time. Thus, In some papers(...
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61 views

Trouble Deriving Indentification Scheme in Gertler-Karadi (2015) AEJ

I'm having trouble following a derivation that Gertler-Karadi (2015) AEJ http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/mac.20130329 do in their paper on Footnote 4 on the bottom of page 52. I've tried ...
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146 views

Using another person's guess as an IV

In Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling from a New Sample of Twins by Orley Ashenfelter and Alan Krueger, they correct sampling error with an IV. They claim that their results imply a larger ...
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2answers
674 views

How to justify an instrumental variable?

I am hoping for some tips on what I could do for a term paper in applied econometrics. We are running a 2sls where I want to use a firm's location as an IV. How can I go about justifying it is a valid ...
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1answer
379 views

Which regression technique is used for calculating price elasticity in practice

Since we need to consider 'Endogeneity' between price and quantity while calculating price elasticity and since linear regression cannot handle the phenomenon of endogeneity if objective of the model ...
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125 views

Using an interaction term as the instrument (as in Barro QJE (2011))

I recently came across Barro and Redlick QJE (2011) paper, "Macroeconomic Effects from Government Purchases and Taxes", in which the authors instrument for defense spending with an interaction term ...
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2answers
893 views

Best instruments for “years of schooling”/“education”

As an answer to question ā€œSeminal papers that later were proven to contain errorsā€, @snoram mentioned Angrist and Krueger (1991), and there use of quarter of birth as an (exogenous) instrument for ...
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1answer
166 views

IV - Is this procedure valid?

I have three variables: $y$, $x_1$ and $z$. I'm interested in finding the effect of $x_1$ on $y$. Unfortunately $x_1$ is endogenous so I use an instrument z. I know that $z$ is correlated with $x_1$....