Questions tagged [productivity]
A measure of efficiency in production for some given set of inputs
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Do machines reduce labor... or so they redistribute, alter, and globally increase labor?
John Stuart Mill famously remarked that labor-saving machines have not saved one minute of labor. More seriously, Marx argued, roughly, that machines can gain temporary market advantage, but cannot ...
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How would increase labor productivity lead to improved living standards of people in an economy?
I would like to know more about the mechanisms through which higher labor productivity would translate into higher living standards for a population in a given economy.
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Why is increased productivity infinitely good
From investopedia:
Supply rises with productivity, dropping real prices and increasing
real wages; it lifts people out of poverty and allows them to focus on
efforts beyond mere survival.
I ...
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Tax system is progressive or regressive
Let´s discuss a little!
When the direct effect of a tax or transfer policy (compared to what would happen in the absence of the policy) is a reduction in inequality, it is called progressive policy. ...
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Productivity and wages in a task-based model
In a task-based model like the one developed in Acemoglu&Autor 2011 with two types of worker, can the low type have a higher wage with respect to the high type?
More specifically: if the ...
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Why are readily available productivity data relative, not absolute?
I've been trying to do some cursory research on labor productivity. In the process, I've noticed that the readily available data in the US, as accessed through either BLS or FRED (yes, I know it's the ...
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Will SRAS curve definitely shift if LRAS curve shifts?
From what I know, a shift in LRAS is generally caused by a change in maximum productive capacity of an economy, which affects the full-employment output level. Such change in maximum productive ...
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Labour Productivity Growth and Reallocation of Labour
Using a shift-share methodology, labour productivity growth can be arise from productvity growth within a sector (within effect) or reallocation of labour to sectors with higher productivity (...
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The relation between productivity and prices
I apologize if this is a stupid question, I am new/ an amateur in this field.
I am wondering, in what way productivity and wages are actually related.
If all labor was physical and I invented a pill ...
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The CORE team's writings about labour productivity, real wages, markup and the price-setting curve
I've been reading the free online economics handbook that's developed as part of the CORE-project (here). The book is a refreshing read, but I'm struggling to follow their discussion of the price ...
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TFP in R via estprod package
I want to calculate the TFP by using the estprod function (I use R 4.0.2). As far as I understood the only way to calculate the TFP is manual following this logic .
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Measurement for the downstream use of a commodity
I am looking to find a measurement that would tell me the size of the market of the downstream use of some particular commodity. For example, salt or wheat would be used by many companies downstream. ...
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Measuring productivity with the Törnqvist index
I have a sample of companies, of which I want to calculate the productivity of each individual firm relative to a hypothetical firm in the industry.
Choosing the measurement method was not easy, but ...
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Are there any economic theories around the concept of companies focusing on that which is easier to calcuate?
A lot of the organisations I have worked for have focused on that which is easy to calculate.
For example, direct cost savings are often easy to calculate, but analysing the wider implications of a ...
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Total factor productivity and revenue
On page 116 of The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective Robert Allen writes
"...the total factor productivity of enclosed farms was 18 per cent
higher than that of open fields. If ...
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2 firms production decision for one agent
I'm trying to solve the optimal production $\{x,y\}$ for a risk neutral agent with weight $w$ in firm $X$ and weight $1-w$ in firm $Y$. Each firm has marginal cost $c^X$ and $c^Y$ respectively. The ...
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TFP estimation as residual and normality of errors
Economists normally calculate TFP as the residual of a regression on output against K, L, and maybe other variables.
However, a well behaved regression is expected residuals to be normal (https://en....
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Government Ownership vs Private Ownership
In a debate concerning long term economic strategy, a representative of a left party was trying to support that privatisation and Small Government which minimizes its own activities is not a viable ...
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What are the different patterns/quantity of employment according to demands of different income ranges?
I don't really have that much knowledge on economics or anything, so perhaps that's something I'd find an answer if I just knew the adequate terminology.
Rephrasing/explaining my question: different ...
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Data on average annual hours worked by persons engaged
In Penn World Table 10.0 (source: https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/pwt-releases/pwt100), the avh (average annual hours worked by persons engaged) figures are missing for many countries.
Where ...
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Testing Kaldor's Second Law
According to Kaldor's second law, as manufacturing industry grows, the productivity in manufacturing will increase:
$$p_i=f(g_m)$$
And, from the article of Heather Wells and A.P. Thirlwall (Testing ...
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Labor Productivity movers and determinants: regression form
Consider a sample of firms' labor productivity over time. Some firms improve their productivity rating (i.e., jump from the lower to the higher productivity quartiles), some don't, and some stay ...
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Total factor productivity (TFP) estimation in R via estprod package
good morning
I am trying to calculate the total factor productivity (TFP) for companies in the manufacturing industry through the Levinsohn-Petrin model. To do so, I use the prodest package in R. ...
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Why are prices deflated in a productivity estimation?
When measuring TFP with the Olley-Pakes method for example, why is it the case that the input and output prices are deflated by an industry price index? What's the intuition behind this?
Say we use ...
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Is there any good summary, lecture notes, textbook or videos that give overview of firm-level productivity models?
As the title says, I am looking for some tutorials/educational materials for firm-level productivity models.
I am looking for some source that would cover the most commonly used models. Also, it is a ...
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How can I add a multidimensional panel to estimate TFP (year, id, region) in R?
I'm not sure about adding fixed effects for the variables year,id,region (using the estprod library) as in this paper using LP stimator.
In the STATA forum ( #18 #...
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Data on labour productivity in India
I am trying to find historical data at the district, or ideally at the city-level on labour productivity (by sector, with a special focus on agriculture) or perhaps data on a similar measure?
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Is the definition of Investment variable in Economics?
I studied that Investment is the expenditure incurred on the procurement of such goods that would help us in production of goods and services.
And mainly consists of Fixed and Inventory Investment
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Where to start, to know the cost, in hours of work, necessary to produce one more car (or any other good)?
Let's say I want to buy a car. It costs that, so I can know that, for example, I have to work 3 months to pay for it. But does the car really needs three months of human work to be build?
What is the ...
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What are the currently accepted methods to estimate a firm's productivity?
While there are a lot of methods one can think of, like computing the ratio of profits to assets or profits to sales, apparently it is a difficult problem.
It would be useful to know how effectively ...
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Under what circumstances is an increase in national output called economic growth?
An increase in output can be achieved in two basic ways.
The first scenario:
Aggregate demand increases, so supply extends. In this way the economy is making more use of its resources, but there is ...
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What counts and doesn't count as rent seeking?
Rent seeking is often associated with lobbying.
Investopedia's article on rent seeking states that rent seeking is gaining wealth without "creating" wealth. Is this the only commonly used definition?
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What is the average percent of value an employee makes which he gets on salary (called)?
I'm looking for any statistics showing the average percent of money employees get from the monetary value they create, primarily from the US or EU. Is there a term for this ratio?
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Relationship between capital and decreasing marginal prodcutivity
In Capital by Thomas Piketty ( chapter The capital - labor spit in the twenty first century - page 271) we have below quote
The evolution of the rate of return on capita, r, significantly reduces the ...
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Link between Productivity and Labour Force?
In this article from VoxEU, the author states:
By definition growth in output per capita equals growth in labour
productivity times growth in hours per capita. The slowdown in
productivity ...
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Literature recommendation
Classic economic theory suggests people earn wages according to their productivity. Over time CEO's, directors, managers and the like seem to earn more relative to the 'normal worker'. Lets call this ...
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Persistent changes in relative prices due to productivity differences
I read a couple of years ago that in the long run (in centuries) the relative price between, say, schooling and agriculture keeps increasing, since the latter sector gets more and more productive, ...
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How do labor literature measure productivity of the worker?
When a firm hires a worker, they have incomplete information on the workers' productivity. Firm's goal is to hire the most productive workers, and they estimate productivity of the workers given the ...
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Total Factor Productivity and Leontief Production Function
Just a bit of a conceptual question regarding the Leontief production function and the concept of total factor productivity (TFP).
In particular, I wondered if these two concepts are at odds?
The ...
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Calculation of labor, capital and productivity deviation
In Ohanian (2010): The Economic Crisis from a Neoclassical Perspective ( https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.24.4.45 ) I read about labor, capital and productivity deviation. I would like ...
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can Unit Labour Cost > 100%?
I struggle to interpret this ECB chart:
click here for the chart
Several countries show consistently $Unit Labour Cost \gg 100%$. For example, Lithuania.
Cost of labour $\gg$ Total Output, doesn't ...
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Can demand side restrictions explain the productivity paradox (Solow paradox)?
Productivity paradox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_paradox is the name for the slow productivity growth (i.e. slow GDP growth) of the developed economies despite the robotics, AI, ...
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BreakEven/productivity/salary/employees
If employees’ salaries are increased by 20%, what is the increase in productivity required to break even?
Can someone assist me in solving this question?
Productivity = (output per period)/(number ...
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When does the law of diminishing returns apply?
Law of diminishing returns does not always apply:
The law of diminishing returns states that in all productive processes, adding more of one factor of production, while holding all others constant, ...
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Are slacks the same as mix-inefficiency?
On the diagram below it is stated that A' has input slacks as it could reduce the amount of $x_2$ and still be on the frontier (by moving to C). However I recall mix-inefficiency having a similar ...
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Is America getting to a point where there are many more people than jobs or money to go around? Are times better or worse than 50 years ago? [closed]
Is America headed to a point of too many people, not enough work? Is life for an average American better than 50 years ago? I have asked about automation in my first question. Then I've asked a ...
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Is the Accursed Share hypothesis respected among academics or practitioners?
Batallie, a French philosopher of all things, put forward a famous (at the time) theory known as The Accursed Share.
A few lines from the treatise, characterizing his position:
I will simply state, ...
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Question on productivity cycles
What is “productivity cycles”? Is this different from business cycles?
And suggest papers on the productivity cycles as both theoretical and empirical studies?
I will be happy if you inform me ...
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Modelling the optimal mix of labour
I am trying to model the profit maximization decision of a firm that uses two types of labor, workers A and workers B. I started by drawing the marginal product and marginal cost curves (lines, for ...
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Relationship between productivity and GDP
I was looking at the OECD data for GDP per hour worked as a stand in for productivity and was extremely confused when I started comparing the numbers and tried to understand the relationship between ...