Questions tagged [supply-and-demand]
Supply and Demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. Demand refers to how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers. Supply represents how much the market can offer.
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Supply elasticity on a piece-wise linear supply function
The supply elasticity at a point is the willingness to produce more or less after the price has changed (due to whatever reason?).
$$\mu_{Q,P}=\frac{\partial Q_S/Q_S}{\partial P/P}=\frac{\partial Q_S}...
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demand driven electricity Feed-in tariffs in Germany
Depending on the daytime, month etc. the demanded electrical power in the grid is varying a lot.
https://www.energy-charts.de/price.htm
Due to that, the price per Kwh is varying as well.
Now the ...
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Real world examples of supply curve shapes
I get the basic intuition that at higher prices, produces would be willing to produce more, but I feel like theory can only take my understanding so far. I want to know what are the real world ...
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Which utility function yields following demand $\alpha p^{\epsilon}$ [duplicate]
I am looking for a utility function that will lead to the following demand
$$\alpha p^{\epsilon}$$.
I know it is most likely a CES utility since the elasticity of demand is constant and this is ...
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1answer
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Are there more historical examples of big change in prices thanks to demand/supply changes like the tulip mania?
I'm currently searching for historical changes in prices as a result of a big/sudden change in demand/supply, like the tulip mania in Holland. Are there any notable examples?
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Positive effects of a Tunisia-EU free trade agreement?
Tunisia might be signing a free trade agreement with the EU very soon. It's called ALECA or DCFTA.
Many activists and labor unions are opposing such an agreement because it would result in losing ...
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1answer
23 views
Problem finding Demand Function
I am analyzing pricing for a new streaming service for a school project. My thought is to calculate the demand function of a player in the same industry and then calculate the optimal price. I am a ...
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1answer
84 views
Question on shifts in Supply and Demand Curves
I have a super basic question on the shift in supply and demand curves ( I haven't seen this stuff since high school). More generally, this is about solving systems of simultaneous equations.
We have ...
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3answers
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If price increases and quantity remains the same can we infer that demand is perfectly inelastic?
My college tutor told me that demand for college admission at our institute is price inelastic. She says so, because, in the past 20 years, price of college education at our institute has increased, ...
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1answer
43 views
Is it right to derive social marginal benefit by adding individual prices instead of quantities?
I come across a lecture material on market functions and externalities that makes me quite confused. Here's the setup: Two stores are located next to each other. If one installs a camera system in ...
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1answer
182 views
Difference between Giffen and inferior goods. Why aren't all inferior goods Giffen goods?
What is the difference between an inferior good and a Giffen good?
Are the two following definitions for an inferior good equivalent?
Def 1: An inferior good is a good for which the demand decreases ...
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1answer
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Flooding the real estate market with luxury homes: will average prices rise or fall?
If every middle class single-family detached home in a sprawling metropolitan area like Los Angeles were each replaced with two luxury condos over a short period, would average real estate prices rise ...
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2answers
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What are “the fundamental categories of economics”?
I had an introductory class in marketing last week, and the professor wanted to test our previous knowledge of economics (we are juniors).
He asked us this simple question: "What are the fundamental/...
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1answer
62 views
Market demand independent of distribution of income
If preferences are identical and homogeneous, then show that market demand for any good must
be independent of the distribution of income.
My workings are as follows:
$$q^{d}(p)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}f(p_x,...
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1answer
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Is there any formal definition of a relationship between resource availability and demand?
I do not have any background on economics. So my question might sound too simple and I hope it to be clear enough. I am curious about the following:
Is there any formal definition of a relationship ...
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1answer
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Supply curve when the marginal cost is zero
The supply curve is built as the average marginal cost (MC), when the MC is equal or higher than the average cost (AC)
The marginal cost increases, as a result of the opposite effect of marginal ...
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1answer
158 views
Find optimal price from demand function?
I've been struggling with this for hours, trying to figure out how to solve this.
"A perfectly competitive market has the marginal cost function, c (cost is C(y)=cy) and is facing the demand function:...
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1answer
47 views
Cross price elasticity of demand vs Price elasticity of demand
Is the cross price elasticity of demand between two goods always lower in magnitude than the price elasticities of demand of each good?
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1answer
70 views
Can marginal revenue be increasing?
As per my calculations, the derivative of the MR curve is given by:
MR'(q)=2p'(q)+qp''(q), where p(q) is the inverse demand curve. Therefore,for a downward sloping demand curve, if the second ...
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1answer
194 views
Demand Curve Equation Explanation
I've been reading (trying to brush up on my economics knowledge) and came across the equation: $q_D = a + b(P)$. The variable $a$ is explained as "factors other than price affecting demand."
I read ...
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Using capacity share instead of quantity market share in demand estimation (BLP)
If I were to use capacity share (as a proxy of quantity market share) in a demand estimation setup (such as BLP), are there ways to deal or interpret the measurement error? I would consider this ...
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2answers
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A Question About The Laws Of Demand [duplicate]
The law of demand holds that ceteris paribis, a decrease of demand can be caused by an increase in price. However, it is also true that when demand decreases, the price will decrease, it will fall. ...
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2answers
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Why can't the Land-Value Tax (in some cases) be passed on to tenants?
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_value_tax:
Because the supply of land is essentially fixed, land rents depend on what tenants are prepared to pay,
That doesn't make any sense. If ...
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2answers
42 views
Does it make economic sense for only some universities in a certain area to pay their sports scholars?
Apparently
‘Athletic scholarships are common in the United States, but in many countries they are rare or non-existent.’
But are there countries where there are some universities that offer sports ...
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1answer
59 views
Why slope is constant in demand/supply curve?
I was reading Mankiw and it showed variation of demand/supply curve with external factors. However, in all the cases the curves only shifted but didn't change in shape. What I am wondering is why the ...
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5answers
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Is Bill Gates wrong about supply demand curves?
In a recent tweet (Aug 14th, 2018, reproduced below), Bill Gates said that supply demand curves don't work for software because the first unit costs a lot and every unit after that is free. Isn't this ...
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1answer
35 views
How can you model/simulate the price/value of a good?
Let's say that you have a good which price can change quite often because of its demand. Let's assume that you developed an algorithm that changes continuously the supply of the good to make its value ...
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1answer
39 views
Short run Aggregate supply curve is horizontal or positively sloped?
I want to understand the adjustment process from Very short run production decision to Short run production decision to Long run production decision. As far as I've understood: consider an increase in ...
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0answers
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What is the difference between horizontal short run aggregate supply curve and positively sloped short run aggregate supply curve?
Both of these curves corresponds to short run then what assumption leads to first one and what leads to second one?
For horizontal SRAS we say that in the short run when we have aggregate demand of ...
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1answer
44 views
Empiric evidence of abundance and post-scarcity either transition to it? [closed]
How much are concepts of post-scarcity and abundance economics just ideological/idealist or do we really observing their beginnings already?
For example:
healthcare: gets more and more expensive
...
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1answer
52 views
Anti Piketty Confusing Movement Along Demand Curve with Shift
In Anti-Piketty, the author's claim that the statement
"If the supply of any good is insufficient and it's price is too high, then demand for that good should decrease which should lead to a decline ...
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2answers
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What is a good way to generate realistic utility curves?
I am aiming to program a basic simulation of a simplified economy to look at the impact of various interventions.
The economy will have N groups of homogeneous consumers and M producer / employer ...
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4answers
365 views
Why not say the buyer will *definitely* buy at price X?
In supply-and-demand curve, we draw curves of indifference. Say the demand goes through (1, \$1). Then Bob the Buyer is indifferent between spending \$1 for 1 apple or just keeping the \$1. If Sally ...
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Why is the equilibrium price not anything between \$0 and \$200?
Consider the second problem below from Varian’s Intermediate Microeconomics:
Suppose that there were 25 people who had a reservation price of \$500, and the 26th person had a reservation price of \$...
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Commodity price and production data
I am doing some modeling and need some data.
First I would like to get some data on commodity prices, ideally historical price data (but current quotes are fine). For example it would be nice to ...
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Demand Function
In cost and demand problems, why is the equation for price per unit named the demand function, as shown in the examples below? Also, why is it equal to a constant minus some multiple of the number of ...
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3answers
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Will periodical increasing and decreasing cryptocurrency supply peg cryptocurrency to dollar effectivelly?
As far as I understand, in order to make cryptocurrency pegged to USD we need somebody to take the risks of exchange rates. So, if ratio CRYPTO to USD is at a given time 1CRYPTO:1,1 USD, then we ...
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1answer
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Question on money supply related to new crypto project
Following questions are related to a crypto project I am working on and proper answers are of utmost importance to this concept's development. I unfortunately lack expert knowledge about money supply ...
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2answers
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Understanding the law of supply
In high school, I've never really questioned the law of supply, taking it as a given.
As I begin an introductory economics course in university, "relearning" the fundamentals of Economics, I realise ...
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Demand is a flow concept . What does this means? [duplicate]
Ok , so I know demand is always at a given price and at goliven time period . But what does this slabove statement actually means ?
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1answer
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Effect of money supply on price level
Consider a macroeconomy defined by following equations
M = kPy + L(r) ; S(r) = I(r) ; y = m ;
Where M is money supply, P is price level, y is output, r is interest rate, while k,m are constants. S(...
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1answer
95 views
Quantity supplied & demanded equation with tax
Here's the simple question I can't get my head around :(
QD= 120-P
QS= 2P-10
Tax= 25 euro per unit
How much does the government receive?
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Deriving Single Good Demand Curve
came across a problem set that I had no clue how to tackle, but looks painfully simple.
It's a market for electricity where households utility is represented by:
U(E) = aE - 2mL2 (Household Utility)
...
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0answers
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How does changing the Bank of England base rate work?
If we assume the demand for money (D above) is fixed in this position (for the purposes of this question), and supply (S) is fixed in this position, then how can the BoE change market interest rates (...
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Simultaneous Equation Models for Estimating Demand for a Good
Suppose in an economy there are $G$ available goods $X_1,...,X_G$. We can formulate a system of $3G+1$ equations as below:
$$Q^d_g = A_{g1}+A_{g2}P_g+\mathbf{A}_g\mathbf{Z}^d_g+u_g\quad(g = 1,...,G)\...
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2answers
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Must a market-based economy constantly expand?
I vaguely recall from my reading of Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations”, during college, that he opined that a market-based economy must constantly expand. Is this recollection correct and, if so, ...
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Finding the demand function [closed]
Here is the problem:
Suppose that an oligopolist charges a price of 500 and sells 200 units of output per day. If the oligopolist increases its price about 500, quantity demanded will decline by 4 ...
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1answer
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How to work out Price with only the Derivative of Profit Function?
Best response functions are obtained by differentiating a profit function and solving for q.
In equilibrium, the firms produce 30. But, there's no inverse demand function, so how would equilibrium ...
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1answer
36 views
Compute variables in perfect competition, in monopoly and duopoly
There are a given demand and MC value. How could I calculate quantity, price, and profit from these values in case of perfect competition, in monopoly and duopoly(...
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What are the (immediate) effects of changing a good's price on consumer and producer surplus?
Basically, I'm trying to understand why the total surplus is maximized at the equilibrium and what happens if the price isn't at the equilibrium.
Say the price of a good is the equilibrium price. ...
