Based on the 2010 US Census, [Wikipedia][1] has pretty much exactly what you seem to be looking for.

A sample graph:

![enter image description here][2]

though they of course also have tables and links to more data.

Or if you prefer raw data, the [IRS SOI][3] is available for 1996-2012.

And of course there's [Piketty and Saez seminal paper on the subject][4] (See Table 5 for their data analogous to the included Wikipedia picture)

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States#Distribution_of_Household_Income
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/vsujP.png
 [3]: http://www.irs.gov/uac/SOI-Tax-Stats---Individual-Statistical-Tables-by-Size-of-Adjusted-Gross-Income
 [4]: http://eml.berkeley.edu/~saez/pikettyqje.pdf