First : for year 0 , I do not know why the cash flow = - 1000 / ( 1 + 0.10)^0 = 909.01 Second: for year 1 , if cash flow = 30,000-5000/(1+0.10)^1 = 25 454 $ How is "Cash flow"column useful in getting the "present value" column? [![enter image description here][1]][1] [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/Lc6Kj.png