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Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the market behavior of individual actors (usually firms and consumers) and the aggregation of their actions in different institutional frameworks (usually the market).

1 vote

Non-viable Industry with demand curve above supply curve

If we consider that no one wants an infinite number of any material thing other people can supply and that there are only a finite number of people/firms, the demand function should be bounded. That m …
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3 votes

Slope of the Budget Line

They do consider it. The precise mathematical formulation is usually $$ -\frac{p_1}{p_2} = \text{MRS}(x_1,x_2) $$ or $$ \frac{p_1}{p_2} = \left| \text{MRS}(x_1,x_2) \right| $$ in the basic cases, when …
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3 votes

Can the Income Consumption Curve have a non smooth shape?

An easy example: When the utility function is $$ U(x,y) = \ln x + y $$ and the prices are $p_x = p_y = 1$, the IOC is kinked at income level $I=1$: $$ (x,y) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \left( I, 0 \ri …
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2 votes

Marginal rate of substitution

There is more than one indifference curve. There is one belonging to every utility level. So for any utility level $c$, the points $(x,y)$ that satisfy $$2\cdot \sqrt{x} + y = c$$ are an indifference …
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2 votes

What's the role of initial endowments in an edgeworth box?

In the budget constraints of the competitive equilibrium.
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1 vote
Accepted

How does this company gain from economies of scale?

The story (and Jo) have basically nothing to do with the benefits Pepper plc will get from economies of scale. As you have stated economies of scale means that the average cost (cost per unit) is less …
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2 votes
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Is product opportunity frontier the same as PPF?

Yes. The "curved line" clearly fits your definition as well. The PPF is curved if (but not only if) there are diminishing returns to inputs such as labor and capital. See also https://en.wikipedia.org …
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2 votes

Independence of price and wealth in Walras' Law

The demand function $x(p,w)$ is defined for all parameters $p,w$. For example by nonnegativity of demand and the budget constraint $x(p,0) = 0$. The price and wealth parameters can be changed independ …
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6 votes

Destruction in Exchange Economies

Consider an exchange economy with two goods $x$ and $y$ and two agents $A$ and $B$. The utility functions are $$ U_A(x_A,y_A) = x_A \cdot y_A, \hskip 20pt U_B(x_B,y_B) = \min(x_B,y_B). $$ Let the init …
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1 vote
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Uses of loans during recession

Because of the recession some members of the household may have lost their jobs. So maybe they don't have enough money to pay a utility bill? To pay for urgent repairs? To buy a Christmas present? The …
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1 vote

Showing the Utility Possibilities Frontier is downward sloping

The first statement does not seem to be true. The UPF exists in the space of utilities whereas the other curves (production, indifference) exist in the product space. As a result, the slope of the UPF …
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1 vote
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WAPM and CRS across all production plans

Sure it can, because the maximal profit is 0, and that level is attained at all output levels. A similar problem is a profit maximizing firm with constant returns to scale. If such a firm has a maxim …
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6 votes
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What is the difference between budget constraint and budget line?

One is an algebraic formula, the other is the geometric representation of that formula. They are the same as much as a straight line and the equation describing said line are the same.
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3 votes
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Utility function that generates a demand curve which will have an U shaped MR curve

Let $v(x) = \int 1 − x + 3x^2 − 3x^3 \text{d}x$. The quasi linear utility function $$ U(x,y) = v(x) + y $$ generates the inverse demand curve given by Ubiquitous if income $I$ is large enough and $p_ …
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1 vote

what is the marginal cost divided by the average cost

$MC/AC$ is not a quantity, it is a function. More precisely it would be written as $MC(y)/AC(y)$. It is true that in a competitive setting in the long-run equilibrium $MC(y^*) = AC(y^*)$. However, t …
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