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4
votes
1
answer
232
views
Economic examples of (sub)martingales
A (discrete time) martingale is a stochastic process $\{X_t\}_{t\in\mathbb N}$ that satisfies, for all $t\in\mathbb N$,
$$
E(|X_t|)<\infty
$$
and
$$
E(X_{t+1}|X_1,\dots,X_t)=X_t.
$$
And a submarting …
4
votes
1
answer
64
views
"Tightness" of political elections and public attention
Are there any empirical studies on political elections that focus on the "tightness" of the race and how much attention the election receives from the public (or perhaps voter turnout).
By "tightness …