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It is called "imputing" values. Find the linear trend between 2012 and 2014 revenue and impute this value for 2013. In your case, it is just the average between the revenues before and after.

If the levels specification is deemed acceptable, $$y_t = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x_t + \beta_2 x_t^2$$ then it follows that the first-difference specification should not include a constant term in order …

It appears that you suspect that the regressor "price" is endogenous, i.e. correlated with the error term, and that you consider what kind of instrument to use in order to tackle endogeneity. You t …

I have to disagree on some points in @Michale answer. For a Weak Law of Large numbers to hold, stationarity, either strict or "weak"(alternatively called "2nd-order" or "covariance-stationarity"), i …

In forecasting, we just want to predict what will happen. So assuming that there is a certain degree of stability in the relation, so that the relation is valid outside the sample, we estimate how pas …

I am not sure where the interpretation issue lies. If we look at a relation $$y = b_0 + b_1x_1 + u \tag{1}$$ and we declare that we would like to estimate $b_0$ and $b_1$ but that $x_1$ is "endogeno …

With observational data, I would say measurement error always exists. The real issue is "how severe" is the measurement error. Evidently in order to be able to assess the severity, "experimental-lik …

You are asking about the expected value of the leading term of a sequence. There can be no general answer given the assumptions you make, since for example $$x_{t+1} = x_{t} + v_{t+1}, \;\;\;E(v_{t+1 …

In order to measure the depreciation rate from the law of motion of capital, you need to have data on capital. But usually capital data series are constructed from investment, with a more-or-less arbi …

How do we develop concise production functions from a set of equations like these? It goes the other way around. VAR's are a special group of models for time series data, developed mainly for …

Instead of just flagging this question for closing as "unclear what you are asking" (which I did), I will also provide an answer to show why this is so, in the hope that the OP will rework their quest …

Stone-Geary production functions attempt to reflect the real-world observation that for production to be feasible, there exist minimum thresholds in the quantities of inputs employed. This is not abou …

You can use the continuous variable "Assets" as stand-alone, and use its categorical incarnation for the interaction term. While we may be accustomed to use "automatically generated" interaction terms …

In some statistical software (not all), in a correlogram the "zero lag" is also depicted - but the zero lag is just the correlation of a random variable with its own self, so it is by construction equ …

Even after the comments exchange I am not totally sure what is the problem of the OP, but I will answer the question in the title. Assume that we have a model $$Y_i = \beta X_i + u_i,\;\;\; i=1,.. …