To my best knowledge there is no research directly examining this question empirically for the United States banking sector, although it’s possible I might have missed something in which case I hope some other answer answers it.
As a consequence I don’t see any way how there could be significant consensus on the matter. Nonetheless, there is some indirect evidence.There is actually quite a lot of research on relationship between monetary policy and bank profitability.
For example, Borio et al (2017), Altavilla (2018) or specifically for US Goodhart, & Kabiri, (2019) show that loose monetary policy reduces overall bank profitability. This in itself does not mean there is no implicit subsidy because maybe profitability falls despite implicit subsidy the banks get. However, this being said it’s not that common for business that get subsidized implicitly to experience lower profits, so at least you could consider this to be indirect evidence for it.
In addition, the mechanism mentioned in most of the papers for increase in profitability would be increase in demand for bank loans as opposed to some implicit subsidy by lowering the cost of funds.
Nonetheless, there is also some evidence from large panel of counties that shows that although bank profitability falls the spread between deposit and lending rates increases (Zimmermann 2019). Hence, this could be perhaps viewed as evidence for banks being implicitly subsidized since it would lower their costs of funds while their prices do not fall enough to keep their margins constant. One could argue that would be an implicit subsidy.
On other hand there are also some good papers that claim that low interest rates do not negatively affect bank profitability such as Altavilla et al (2017). The argument goes that that once you better control for endogeneity and after some time (in a very short run the profits can still be negatively affected).
Also to be clear most of the evidence above is from either international set of countries or Europe. In principle there could be some heterogeneity.
As you can see above the evidence is mixed. Nonetheless, most studies find negative or no relationships. it is more rare to find positive relationships. Consequently, this can be interpreted as that either there aren’t implicit subsidies or if there are some they are too small to offset negative impact on profitability of low interest rates. Lastly to be clear if there are any subsidies they are implicit not explicit ones.