Questions tagged [elasticity]
Elasticity is the measurement of how responsive an economic variable is to a change in another.
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Elasticity of a function of two input variables [closed]
Could you please help me with a hint how to solve the following problem?
I have to be able to explain it to a student, who studies economics in a university. Thank you.
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Why does it make sense for Elasticity to be the ratio of a % change increase to a % change decrease? [duplicate]
So, elasticity, say the price elasticity of demand, is:
$$\text{elasticity}=\frac{\text{% change in demand}}{\text{% change in price}}$$
So an elasticity of one corresponds to situations where a 1% ...
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1answer
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How would I calculate the quantity demanded of a product with price elasticity given and price change given? [closed]
"The price elasticity of apples is -0.5. When the price of apples is $2, consumers demand 500 apples a day. If the price of apples rises to $3, how many apples will be demanded?"
I really ...
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1answer
65 views
Why supply is more elastic at lower prices and more inelastic at higher prices?
In my economics book*, in the lesson explaining what price elasticity of supply is, it's written:
In reality, supply curves are likely to be non-linear, so will have a different PES value at ...
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Why do supply curves that start at the origin have a PES value of 1?
In my economics book*, in the lesson explaining what price elasticity of supply is, it's written:
Any supply curve that starts at the origin has a PES value equal to 1. The theoretical outcome means ...
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2answers
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What is the proper way to read and/or express "price elasticity of demand"?
The natural language phrase such as square root of x for a function $Sqrt(x)$ precedes the input with the word of. When we talk of a bivariate function, such as $x/y$ aka $Ratio(x,y)$, we say simply ...
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Finding own price elasticity/cross pirice elastcity
I am looking for a source where I can find the own price elasticity/cross price elasticity of public and private transport for the European countries and each continent. Does somebody know a credible ...
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1answer
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Why do we call certain linear (affine) demand curves "elastic" or "inelastic" even though PED varies along the slope of an affine function?
I get that PED varies along linear (strictly speaking, affine) demand curves in a way that for a demand function $Q(P)=\alpha - \beta P$:
$$|\epsilon_D|=1 \iff \frac{\alpha}{2\beta}=P \land |\...
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Why do lumber prices soar but cost of gypsum does not drop?
The cost of lumber has increased 3 fold over the last year, whereas the cost of other building materials such as gypsum has hardly budged.
In North America, lumber is a dominant material used in the ...
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41 views
Can an inferior good be necessary?
Usually the definition of necessary goods is the income elasticity between 0 and 1. But can a good with -0.5 income elasticity be considered necessary? There is this link that says that all the ...
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Is it true that for Cobb-Douglas preferences, the demand function is always iso-elastic?
As we know that $Q*P=const.$ for Cobb-Douglas preferences, we can thus conclude that $\frac{dQ/Q}{dP/P}$ is always $-1$:
$$
QP=const. \implies 0=d(PQ)=Q\ dP+P\ dQ \implies \frac{dQ}{Q}=-\frac{dP}{P}
$$...
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1answer
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How do I determine PED from price consumption curve with slope of zero?
Given a budget for two goods $x_1$ and $x_2$, a fixed price for good 2 and three prices for good 1 with the corresponding optimal amount of good 1 ($x_1$), I like to calculate the PED for good 1.
By ...
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1answer
74 views
Without knowing the Slutsky equation and income/substitution effect, how can I show a certain good is inferior or Giffen?
Say I've got a function $x_1(p_1,p_2,m)$ where $p_1, p_2$ are the prices for good 1, good 2 respectively and m is the income.
Now, I haven't heard of the Slutsky equation yet nor the income/...
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Relation of Engel-curve to income elasticity of demand; is the slope of the Engel-curve equal to the elasticity of income?
I learnt that $\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta m} \gt 0$ for normal goods, $\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta m} \lt 0$ for inferior goods, $\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta m} \gt 1$ for luxury goods and $0 \lt \frac{\Delta x}{\...
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1answer
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Why are constant price elasticities reported?
Price elasticity of demand $\mathrm{e_{D,P} = \dfrac{dD}{dP}. \dfrac{P}{Q^*}}$ clearly depends on the levels of price and quantity.
Then why is everywhere (research papers, textbooks etc.) a constant ...
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1answer
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Calculating elasticity for $y^2e^{x+\frac{1}{y}}=3$
I want to calculate elasticity of y with respect to x for $$y^2e^{x+\frac{1}{y}}=3$$
My attempt:
I calculate $y'$ using:
$$y'= -\frac{f_1'(x,y)}{f_2'(x,y)} = - \frac{y}{2-y}$$
I calculated this using ...
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Pricing optimisation when elasticities are positives? [duplicate]
I’m performing some exercises in order to get the optimal price of some product such a potato chips, biscuits, drinks, etc. (I’m taking price per unit and sales in units) But I’ve found that some of ...
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Optimal price when elasticity of demand is positive? [closed]
I’m performing some exercises in order to get the optimal price of some product such a potato chips, biscuits, drinks, etc. But I’ve found that some of them have positive elasticities. This can makes ...
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Why do vacationers spend more on food and essentials than the locals?
I cannot think of an answer to this question from the chapter on elasticity in Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok's Modern Principles of Economics, Second Edition:
How might elasticities explain why ...
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1answer
61 views
Relation between marginal cost and output elasticities
Does anyone know of any results that show the link between marginal cost and the output elasticities analytically? I am looking at production and cost theory books but can't find any results that ...
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1answer
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When do workers versus capital owners share of income increase?
The share of total income obtained by workers rather than capital owners is for obvious reasons of interest. Assuming that the economy can be desribed by an aggregate production function
$$Y = F(K,L)$$...
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Question about using elasticities to compare difference rates but with different normalization
Lets say I am estimating a regression of a death rate per 100k people on an economic shock, so:
$y = \beta_o + \beta_1 * X+ error$
where the dependent variable is the death rate, and x is the measure ...
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1answer
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What's the minimum number of datapoints in order to run a diff-in-diff?
I was thinking about running a diff-in-diff with fixed effect in order to deal with a panel data experiment. The problem is that I don't know how many datapoints I need in order to the experiment be ...
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Does elasticity make sense for different levels of prices? If not, how can we fix that?
Let's say we know that our customers can't make sense of a raise in 5% of the price. It's too little for them to notice. However, an increase above 10% is easily noticed. If this is true, different ...
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Does it make sense to calculate price elasticity in respect to some percentage?
I was trying to calculate how much the price of a product impacts some company I'm analysing. At college, we learn that the price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand divided by the ...
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2answers
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Does Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) provide a useful insight into how to manage the economy?
According to advocates of [Modern Monetary Theory][MMT] (MMT), the primary risk once the economy reaches full employment is inflation, which can be addressed by gathering taxes to reduce the spending ...
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Elasticity of real marginal costs with respect to production
How does one get the formula for the Elasticity of real marginal costs with respect to production ($\omega$)?
Woodford(2003) at page 152 says "$\omega$ represents the elasticity of s (real ...
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1answer
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Homework Question - Price Floor / Elasticity of Demand
I'm currently taking undergrad microeconomics and came across the following question:
The current price floor in the agricultural lettuce market makes it such that price of lettuce is 25% higher than ...
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1answer
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Why wouldn't other firms follow suit if an individual firm decides to cut its price?
Why doesn't the demand curve an individual firm faces in a perfectly competitive market have the same elasticity as it does in a oligopolistic market?
Under perfect competition, if a firm increases ...
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First order condition of log functions in general and interpretation
In the following, a first order condition for a log function is calculated.
I know how the left part was calculated, however, I am a little bit confused where the gamma on the right site comes from ...
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1answer
111 views
Long-term equilibrium price inelastic?
I have doubts about some
economic interpretation:
Why is the long-term equilibrium price inelastic?
But in the short run, the equilibrium price is not necessarily inelastic. What is the economic ...
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1answer
92 views
Production function and elasticity
Let $y=x_1^\alpha x_2^\beta$ where $\beta=1-\alpha$ be a Cobb-Douglas production function.
Find the elasticity of the optimal demand functions (for minimizing production cost) for both goods wrt. $w_2/...
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1answer
182 views
Elasticity of demand
I'm reading a paper from Pindyck (1988) where $$P_t=X_t-\gamma Q_t.$$ $P_t$ is the price, $X_t$ is the demand state variable, $Q_t$ production and $\gamma\geq0$ is apparently the ''(constant) demand ...
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Are economic profits above normal for many firms in a perfectly-competitive increasing-cost industry?
In a perfectly-competitive constant-cost industry, all firms will have normal profits in the long run. This fact is very clear to me as the long run supply curve is perfectly elastic and hence each ...
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1answer
37 views
Profit-maximization for a monopoly
Between two countries, Richland and Poorland, with a strict ban on cross-border sales agreed with the Poorlandian government. The respective demand functions for both countries are:
$Q_{poor} = 10 - ...
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1answer
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Elasticity Cobb-Douglas production function
I am given the production function
$y=x_1^\alpha x_2^{1-\alpha}$, where $0< \alpha <1$ I found the demand functions for minimum production cost to be
$ x_1^{*}(w_1,w_2,y)=\left ( \frac{w_2}{w_1}\...
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1answer
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What does the following mean: "supply has positive elasticity”?
What confuses me in particular is that I always thought of the concept of ‘elasticity’ with respect to something. That is, supply of x can be elastic with respect to y.
Am I missing something?
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Why does short run market supply become more elastic with more firms
I have heard a justification along the lines of this: The supply curve becomes flatter (more elastic) with more firms in the market, because a given increase in price calls forth more production when ...
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1answer
77 views
Solving problem for optimal price (maximize profit) *attempt inside*
Let a demandfunction be defined as
$D(p)=B-bp$, where $b,B>0$. A firm has some production cost, $c$, and can set the price $p$ under the constrain given by the Demand.
What is the optimal price?
...
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1answer
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Do barriers to entry increase the (collective) market power of incumbent suppliers?
For example in the case of the labour market lower immigration means that low-skilled labour can ask higher wages or better conditions (other things equal). Low skilled labour may have even put the ...
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How can I formulate price elasticity of demand equation when I want to add cross price elasticity?
I am trying to calculate the price elasticity of demand for a product where I used the equation
log(volume) = elasticity * log(price) + seasonality dummies + trend index + CPI
Here CPI is the consumer ...
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1answer
43 views
Elasticity of intertemporal sustitution with composite CRRA function
In the usual CRRA $\frac{c^{1-\sigma}-1}{1-\sigma}$ function we have that the intertemporal elasticity of sustitution $\partial\frac{c_{t+1}}{{c_{t}}{\partial r}}$ is $\frac{1}{\sigma}$.
But how can ...
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1answer
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Examples of bounded, positive, inverse demand curves
The three most common examples of demand curves I am aware of are
\begin{align}
Q&= b - aP,\\
Q&= bP^a,\\
Q&= b e^{-aP}\\
\end{align}
The first being our classic linear demand curve, the ...
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1answer
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Price elasticity of demand of CES
Anyone would like to help me show the following ( or a book/paper reference would be a great help)
" The price elasticity of demand is equal to $\sigma$ for the demand function of CES preference,...
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1answer
51 views
Is saying that the demand is elastic or inelastic too oversimplified?
As we know that elasticity varies from infinity to zero as we move along a linear demand curve, then is it correct to label any demand curve elastic or inelastic as a whole?
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Estimating $dL/dw$ with direct dependencies using total differential
I have $U(C,L) = U(C) - v(L)$ where $C$ is consumption and $L$ is labor supply. From my first order conditions, $C$ is a function of $w$, wage, and $L$. $L$ is a function of $w$ and $C$. Leisure is $N ...
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1answer
115 views
why does income of executives level out in the long term after tax increases?
Marginal Revolution University has the following question in its Elasticity unit:
In 1993, then President Clinton passed a law raising income taxes.
This tax hike was fully expected: He campaigned on ...
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1answer
166 views
confusion regarding elasticity of a demand curve
The following question is on a quiz at Marginal Revolution University:
https://mru.org/practice-questions/calculating-elasticity-demand-practice-questions
The elasticity of demand is 2.0. Is the ...
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1answer
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Interpretation of Demand and Cost Curves
I am currently starting on the topic of monopolies in school and I encountered the following scenario:
A monopolist faces a demand curve given by $Q = \frac {100} p$ and a cost function given by $C = ...
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Microeconomics undergraduate ELASTICITY help (differentiating log-linear demand curve) [closed]
How do you show that the price elasticity of demand is a constant if the demand function is log-linear? To show this, how do you differentiate the log-linear demand curve to determine dQ/dp, and ...
