Questions tagged [money-supply]
Use for questions primarily related to the stock of money, either narrow money (MB or M0), and broad money (M1, M2, etc). This can also be used in questions related to the creation of money by governments and central banks, including questions related to models with a money market like IS-LM, where the supply is of importance.
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Why don’t sovereigns like Venezuela just immediately replace the currency in event of a hyperinflation
I am struggling to understand why governments, when faced with hyperinflation, often let it drag out for years rather than bite the bullet and replace the currency. Given that by that point the ...
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1answer
38 views
Monetary sterilization’s working is wrong?
Say, there is an increase in demand for dollars (as compared to the other currency, say yen), which will put appreciation pressures on dollar.
Then to counter this appreciation, we need to buy yen. ...
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7answers
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If no one knew about inflation, would inflation take place?
I’m not an economist and would like some insight into this thought experiment. If people, the news, social media, etc. suddenly stopped talking about inflation, would inflation still take place? ...
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0answers
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Would a solar flare that whipes out all of the worlds financial data cause hyperinflation or hyperdeflation of the remaining physical currency? [migrated]
According to newscientist.com a tech-destroying solar flare could hit Earth within 100 years. It could knock out our electrical grids, satellite communications and the internet. It might also erase ...
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1answer
65 views
How is value determined?
If I create a new currency (perhaps a cryptocurrency) and I wanted it to be the only currency usable to purchase an item/service, how would I determine the price of that service? I would think that it ...
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4answers
334 views
Who controls money supply if the fed does not?
This whitepaper states (bold mine):
According to the consensus view, the two leading culprits of inflation
risk today are the fiscal deficit and the money supply. To illustrate,
take this CNBC ...
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3answers
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How do we know that inflation derives from supply chain issues and not from monetary expansion of Central Banks?
Everybody is talking about the fact that the current inflation derives from problems on supply chain distribution but Fed also printed tons of money.
How can they affirm that inflation is from supply ...
2
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2answers
131 views
How do banks restore capital adequacy ratios and what are the consequences
How do banks restore capital adequacy ratios in the event of a fall in the value of their capital? And in particular do the required actions shrink the money supply? If the actions do indeed shrink ...
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1answer
46 views
Why does absolute price inflation depend on interest rate while relative price inflation does not?
This is a follow-up of my previous question: How come there is inflation in a model with no money? I have answered my own question with an example.
To briefly recap the example, consider a closed ...
2
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2answers
737 views
How come there is inflation in a model with no money?
I'm watching the video lectures of Financial Theory (ECON 251) by John Geanakoplos, Yale University. In Lesson 5, Chapter 4 at 33:41, Geanakoplos defined inflation as the ratio of prices between two ...
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1answer
49 views
Is new money created when banks buy Treasury Bonds in primary auction?
From my understanding of the current monetary system when a bank issues a loan it is effectively creating money for the receiver of the loan i.e Mortgage. This increases the M1, M2, M3 numbers of the ...
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1answer
35 views
If repo period is just one day, how do banks arrange the cash to repurchase the securities from the Central Bank?
The RBI (India's Central Bank) website says that "predominantly, repos are undertaken on an overnight basis, i.e., for one day period."
So basically, the Central Bank buys securities from ...
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0answers
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Is There an rNPV Model Relating Money Supply, Total Wealth and Money Velocity?
It seems sensible that the supply of constant-value units of fiat money should roughly correspond to the total wealth of the jurisdiction's economy, in the same sense that an on-demand gold ...
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1answer
70 views
Does money hidden in "Moneyland" (offshore etc) get included in money supply and savings ratio statistics?
The recent Pandora Papers fuss has prompted me to ask a question that has been on my mind for a while.
Does money hidden in offshore trusts, nominee companies and the various other Moneyland ...
2
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2answers
79 views
Can the Federal Reserve permanently decrease money supply?
As far as I understand it, the primary way the Federal Reserve decreases the money supply is by selling bonds–the entities buying these bonds give up their cash for them and thus M0 is decreased. ...
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0answers
43 views
How the Fed and Treasury coordinate on liquidity management
On top of the Fed's USD120bn monthly treasury/MBS purchases, the drawdown in Treasury issuance over the last year has also added over USD1tr to the system. The premise is, faced with drawn-out debt ...
2
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1answer
37 views
Would printing money be necessary for remedying macroeconomic problems such as underemployment and overindebtedness if trade was balanced?
Printing money is often touted as the solution to the macroeconomic problems faced by developed economies today, namely lacklustre GDP growth, public and private overindebtedness and underemployment. ...
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1answer
37 views
Any support for the idea that QE is employed to prevent the money supply from contracting
It appears to me that QE has been employed after the collapse of housing bubbles - both in Japan in the early nineties and in many other countries around 2008. During a housing bubble there is a high ...
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0answers
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How do currency boards maintain a 100% foreign reserve backing in the presence of fractional reserve banking?
Under a currency board system, money in circulation has to be 100% backed by foreign reserves. Suppose the domestic currency (A\$) is 100% backed by a foreign currency (B\$), with a fixed 1:1 ratio. ...
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2answers
65 views
When was the last time printing money involved actual printing?
A common term used when the money supply is being increased is "printing money". Presumably at some point in the distant past, currency was actually printed to increase the money supply. Of ...
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2answers
212 views
Why was Friedman so wrong about inflation?
In a famous 1977 lecture, Milton Friedman claims that inflation depends purely on the monetary policy and he proves it with a convincing chart (youtube video here)
I have reproduced his chart using ...
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1answer
37 views
When interest rates are high, where does the money that banks pay to depositors come from?
I know that banks primarily make money from the 'spread', that is, people deposit their money in the bank and the bank pays them back with interest, and the bank lends that money to other people and ...
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1answer
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At what frequency does monetary inflation compound?
The M1 money supply of the U.S. dollar is released monthly. But how often does the Federal Reserve or treasury add/remove a new dollar or a new penny? By second, minute, daily?
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1answer
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Has there really been a 170% increase in M1 money supply in the US in February 2021?
tradingeconomics shows an M1 money supply of the past year as follows:
This suggests an unusually high increase of ~170% in February 2021.
Is this increase real or somehow an artifact of the way the ...
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4answers
304 views
A bank approves a loan: where does the money come from?
In the naïve picture of the banking system, banks strike a balance between savings invested in them by savers and the loans requested of them by borrowers. The money loaned to borrowers is the same ...
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0answers
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How £800,000 of specie is above what the circulation can employ?
I'm reading this (clicking it will download a PDF, so, do as you find good) analysis of Adam Smith's theory of banking and money. On page 13, the author writes:
For example, Smith
(293) says that if ...
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2answers
104 views
Puzzled by proposed inflation mechanisms
There are some explanations for long term inflation that completely baffle me in that they seem so deeply flawed that I wonder how come they are taken seriously.
So take for example the idea of a &...
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0answers
14 views
Time series for contrasting empirically money demand and Taylor rules series
Non-cashless New-keynesian models often include discretionary monetary policy expressed as a Taylor rule:
$1+i_t = (1+i)\left(\frac{1+\pi_t}{1+\pi}\right)^{\phi_\pi}\left(\frac{y_t}{y_t^n}\right)^{\...
3
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1answer
293 views
Is The Money Masters (1996) correct in its main thesis?
The Money Masters is a 1996 documentary film that discusses the concepts of money, debt, taxes, and describes their development from biblical times onward.
Its main points were summarized by a ...
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1answer
41 views
Will interest rates rise if a government runs a huge budget deficit?
My (very simple) logic is this:
if government decides to spends a huge amount of money it does not have (meaning that it does not come from taxes) then it will borrow that money and thus create a lot ...
2
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3answers
86 views
How the Federal Reserve Manages Money Supply
I'm trying to understand how the Federal Reserve manages the money supply via open market operations. According to this post, when Fed buys securities, that increases bank reserves, which allows banks ...
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2answers
111 views
long run growth of money supply
I am trying to understand how the money supply (bank deposits + currency) grows over time. That's the end goal. This is the first part of my awful struggle.
I'm superconfused, and almost everything I ...
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1answer
23 views
What was the annual real growth rate in the US from 2010 to 2015?
If we look at the US M0 money supply after the global financial crisis (GFC):
we see that it doubled from 2010 to 2015.
If we look at the Consumer Price Index in the same period:
it rose by 8%.
So ...
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1answer
32 views
To what extent can cryptocurrencies be influenced by monetary policy?
Background
In modern economies, at least up until ~10 years ago, it was assumed that a currency would be technically able to be subjected to monetary policy, that is, where more money is created or ...
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2answers
126 views
Why in the quantitative equation: $MV=PY$, $V$ and $Y$ can be taken as fixed?
To equation is
\begin{align}
MV=PY
\end{align}
where $V=\frac{1}{k}$.
Why $V$ and $Y$ can be taken as fixed or constant?
Why can $V=\frac{1}{k}$ too?
Thanks in advance
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4answers
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Why does the inflation not follow the money supply?
To my understanding classical economic theory tells us that inflation occurs when the money supply is increased faster than the economic growth.
Lately there has been a sharp rise in the rate of money ...
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0answers
33 views
What is the right amount of money supply? [closed]
As Bitcoin limits the money supply and the total amount of coins in circulation, whereas central banks have a degree of freedom to influence the money supply, I came to wonder what perspectives and ...
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0answers
30 views
Effects between price level and interest rate
I'm looking at the relationship between the price level and the interest rate in an economy.
If the price level goes up, with fixed nominal money supply, the real money supply goes down, therefore, ...
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3answers
112 views
How is the differential definition of money supply, velocity, and GDP defined?
I was reading: This article on money velocity (see the summary section)
Where two formulas are presented:
first an equality:
$$\text{Quantity of Money} (M) \times \text{Velocity of Money} (V) = \...
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2answers
832 views
How is money destroyed when banks issue debt?
Bank of England (2014):
Money can also be destroyed through the issuance of long-term debt and equity instruments by banks.
How is money destroyed when banks issue debt?
Say Bank X issues a £100 10-...
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0answers
45 views
Relationship between CURRCIR, CURRENCY, and MBCURRCIR?
The FRED website has
Currency Component of M1 (CURRENCY)
Currency in Circulation (CURRCIR)
Monetary Base; Currency in Circulation (MBCURRCIR)
Monetary Base; Total (BOGMBASE)
M1 Money Stock (M1)
...
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2answers
63 views
Typical duration of bonds purchased in QE
I know that QE involves the purchasing of government bonds by the central bank "printing money" but I am curious about what the typical time to maturity of those bonds are. I.e. the typical ...
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0answers
19 views
Increase in money supply when price are flexible in the basic new keynesian model
I would like to know what would be the effect on price and quantities of an increase in money supply in the basic new keyensian model. What happen if price are fully flexible ? What if prices are ...
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1answer
29 views
I there an established correlation between Federal Reserve balance sheet and MB( monetary base)?
More precisely:
Are there any implied bounds for the ratio M0/FRBS with
MB= the monetary base
and
FRBS=Federal Reserve Balance Sheet?
https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/bst_recenttrends.htm
...
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1answer
36 views
LM-Curve formula question
An LM Curve can be described as following
$M^d(Y,i) = M_0 + M_1Y – M_2i$
$M^d = M/P$
M and P are exogen
I know that $i$ is interest rate, and Y is GDP.
Why is $M_1$ and $M_2$ positive? And what does $...
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3answers
177 views
What is the difference between "borrowing" money and "printing" money?
When a country's government has a budget shortfall, that country has to find some way to pay its contractors/emplooyees. Unlike a normal company, the government can't simply go to the bank and ask to ...
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1answer
45 views
Why don't Governments do away with the optics of taking on debt against new currency, and instead issue a limited currency every year (say 5% of GDP)?
Governments engage in the optical illusion of taking on debt against issued currency.
The debt is effectively owed by the Government to itself.
The value of the debt is completely controlled and ...
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1answer
32 views
Oliver Hart said that financing deficits by printing money can lead to hyperinflation "once the economy is close to full capacity". What does he mean?
In response to a poll on Modern Monetary Theory, Nobel Laureate Oliver Hart said that Governments financing deficits by printing more money "can quickly lead to inflation or even hyperinflation ...
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2answers
49 views
For stability, is there a limit to the sovereign debt that a Government owes to itself against issued fiat currency?
Looking beyond the optical illusion of Governments owing debt to Central Banks, Governments effectively owe themselves the sovereign debt created against issued fiat currency.
By definition, there ...
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2answers
152 views
Can banks 'create' money on their own or do they need help from other banks?
My current understanding of the banking money multiplication process goes as follows: Alice comes along and deposits 100 cash into Bank A. Bank A gains 100 in vault cash (reserves) as an asset and 100 ...
